This column . . .

Displays for the selected date range. . .

Bed

Bed that was in an unclean status (such as Dirty, Stat, or Clean Next).

Status

If the Base on Original Request option was selected when the report was generated, then this column displays the original unclean status associated with the bed when the bed cleaning job entered the In Progress status. If the Base on Original Request option was NOT selected, then this column displays the last unclean status (such as Dirty or Stat) associated with a bed before the bed cleaning job entered the In Progress status. Example: If Stat appears and Based on Original Request was NOT selected, then the bed's status was Stat at the time that the employee placed the job into the In Progress status and began to clean the bed . If Based on Original request was selected, then the bed's original unclean status was Stat (but it might have been downgraded to another status before the bed cleaning job entered the In Progress status).

Adjusted

If the bed cleaning job for this bed was an adjusted bed cleaning job, then Yes appears. Click to learn more about how a job is defined as adjusted. A job is considered adjusted if the total time that a job was in the In Progress status is less than the number of minutes entered on the Report Criteria page for Adjusted Minimum Clean OR greater than the number of minutes entered for Adjusted Maximum Clean OR the time that elapses between when the job is created and when it is placed in the In Progress status or in the Delayed status is greater than the number of minutes entered for Adjusted Maximum Response time. If the user who generated the report did not enter any minutes for Adjusted Minimum Clean, Adjusted Maximum Clean, or Adjusted Maximum Response, then no jobs are considered "adjusted."

Delayed

The number of bed cleaning job delays for the bed shown in the Bed column. Example: If a bed cleaning job for this bed was delayed at 9:00 AM and then again at 9:10 AM, then this column displays 2.

Delay Time

Total time that the bed cleaning job was in Delayed status from the time the bed cleaning request was created until the time that the job was completed.

Suspended

The number of times that a bed cleaning job was suspended from the time that the bed cleaning request was created until the time that the job was completed. For a definition of Suspended status, see Bed Status Definitions.

Suspend Time

Total time that the bed cleaning job was in Suspended status from the time that the bed cleaning request was created until the time that the job was completed.

Original Response

Elapsed time from when the bed cleaning request was created until an employee first changed the status to In Progress or Delayed.

Status Response

Elapsed time from when the bed entered its last unclean status (for example, Clean Next) to the first time that the bed cleaning job entered the In Progress or the Delayed status.

Clean Time

Total time that the bed cleaning job was in the In Progress status. If Yes was selected for the Omit Suspend Times option on the Report Criteria page, then time that the bed was in Suspended status is not included in Clean Time.

Turn Time

If the Based on Original request option was selected on the Report Criteria page, then turn time is the elapsed time from when the bed cleaning job request was created to when the bed cleaning job was completed. If Based on Original Request was NOT selected on the Report Criteria page, then turn time is the elapsed time from when the bed entered its LAST unclean status to when the job was completed. If Yes was selected for the Omit Suspend Times option on the Report Criteria page, then time that the bed was in Suspended status is not included in Turn Time. If Yes was selected for the Omit Delay Times option on the Report Criteria page, then time that the bed was in Delayed status is not included in Turn Time.

Bed Cleaner

If the report was grouped by Bed Cleaner, this column appears only in the Bed Details (No Credit Job) section. Only jobs that the bed cleaner whose name appears at the top was associated with but did not receive credit for appear in the Bed Details (No Credit Job) section. The Bed Cleaner column lists other bed cleaners who were associated with the jobs.

This column . . .

Displays for the selected date range. . .

Status

Unclean status at the time that a bed cleaning request was created (the bed cleaning was requested). Your organization might have specific names for custom statuses (such as Special). These statuses are campus-specific. Each campus could have different customized names for them. The custom name appears on the report. Example: If Dirty appears in the Status column, then Dirty is the last status that a bed was in before the bed cleaning job entered the In Progress or Delayed status. The bed was downgraded to Dirty at some point from the status that it had when the bed cleaning request was created (for example, from Clean Next).

Count

The number of cleaning job requests (excluding those that were either upgraded or downgraded to a different status) that were placed when beds were in the status shown in the Status column. The count includes only cleaning jobs for EVS Services beds. If the report data is grouped by bed cleaner, only cleaning jobs that employees received credit for completing are included in the count. Example: If the report is grouped by bed cleaner and 9 appears for the Dirty status, then employees received credit for 9 cleaning jobs for beds that were in Dirty status when the cleaning job was created (cleaning request was submitted). If 10 Dirty beds were actually cleaned, but one employee placed one of those Dirty beds in Suspended status and another employee completed the job, then neither employee received credit for the 10th bed. It is not included in the count. If the report data is grouped by unit, then the 10th bed would be included in the count.

Delayed

The number of delays in bed cleaning jobs for beds that had been in the status shown in the Status column when the employee started the job (excluding upgraded or downgraded jobs). If the report data is grouped by bed cleaner, then only bed cleaning jobs that the employees received credit for are included. Example: If the report is grouped by bed cleaner and employees received credit for cleaning 9 Dirty beds and there were a total of 3 delays for these 9 bed cleaning jobs (for example, one of the 9 bed cleaning jobs was delayed once and another was delayed twice), then 3 appears in the Delayed column for the Dirty status.

Avg Delay

The average duration of delays for bed cleaning jobs that had been in the status shown in the Status column when the employee started the job (excluding upgraded or downgraded jobs). Calculation: Total delay time for all beds that the employee received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit) and that were in this status when the job request was created/ Total number of beds that employees received credit for cleaning (if the report was groped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if the report data is grouped by unit) and that were in this status when the bed cleaning request was created. Example: If the report is grouped by bed cleaner and employees received credit for cleaning 9 beds that were in the Dirty status when the cleaning request was created, and there were 3 delays of 10 minutes each (30 minutes of delays) for these 9 bed cleaning jobs, then the calculation used to determine the Average Delay for the Dirty status would be 30 / 9 = 03.33 minutes.

Suspended

The number of bed cleaning job suspensions for beds that had been in the status shown in the Status column when the employee started the job (excluding upgraded or downgraded jobs). If the report data is grouped by bed cleaner, only beds that employees received credit for cleaning are included. Example: If the report data is grouped by bed cleaner and employees received credit for cleaning 12 Clean Next beds and placed 2 of those beds into a Suspended status, then 2 appears in the Suspended column for the Clean Next status. If one bed had 2 suspensions and another had 1, then 3 appears in the Suspended column. Note: For a description of the Suspended status, see Bed Status Definitions.

Avg Suspend

The average duration of suspensions for beds that had been in the status shown in the Status column when the employee started the job (excluding upgraded or downgraded jobs). Calculation: Total suspension time for all beds that employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit) and that were in this status at the time that the bed cleaning request was created/ Total number of beds that employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit) and that were in this status when the bed cleaning request was created. Example: If report data is grouped by bed cleaner and employees received credit for cleaning 12 beds that were in the Clean Next status when the bed cleaning request was created, and there were 2 suspensions of 10 minutes each (20 minutes of suspensions) for these 12 bed cleaning jobs, then the calculation used to determine the Average Suspend for the Clean Next status would be 20 / 12 = 01.67 minutes.

Avg Response

For jobs that were in the status shown in the Status column when the employee started them, the average amount of time that elapsed from the time that the bed cleaning job requests were created to when the employees first changed the job status to In Progress or Delayed. The time that the job was created is the time that the bed cleaning request was submitted. Upgraded or downgraded bed cleaning jobs are excluded. Calculation: Sum of elapsed time between when the bed cleaning job request was created and when the job was placed into In Progress or Delayed status for the first time for all beds that the employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if the report data is grouped by unit) and that were in this status when the bed cleaning job was created/ Total number of beds that the employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit) and that were in this status when the bed cleaning request was created. Example: Report data is grouped by bed cleaner. Employees received credit for cleaning 3 beds that were in the Stat status when the bed cleaning job was created. They put 2 of those bed cleaning jobs into the In Progress status 10 minutes after the cleaning request was submitted. Because the patient was still in the room when one employee arrived to clean the third bed, that employee put the third bed into Delayed status 5 minutes after the cleaning request was submitted. The calculation used to determine the average response time was 10 + 10 + 5 / 3 = 08.33 minutes.

Avg Clean

For jobs that were in the status shown in the Status column when the employee started them, the average time from the start of In Progress status to Complete (Clean) status minus any time that beds were suspended (see note below). Calculation: Sum of elapsed time from In Progress to Complete status / Total number of beds that the employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit) and that were in this status when the bed cleaning request was created. Note: If the Omit Suspended Time option was selected when the report was generated, then suspensions are not included in the calculation. Example: The report data is grouped by bed cleaner. Employees received credit for cleaning 2 beds that had previously been in the user-defined, custom status called Contagious. When the report was generated, Yes was selected for Omit Suspended Time. The first bed entered the In Progress status at 11:00 AM and into Completed (Clean) status at 11:15 AM. The second bed entered the In Progress status at 2:00 PM, was suspended at 2:05 PM, was put into In Progress status again at 2:15 PM, and was completed (marked as clean) at 2:25 PM. The total suspension time was 10 minutes. The calculation used to determine average clean time is (15 + 25) - 10 suspension minutes/ 2 = 15 minutes. If Omit Suspended Time had NOT been selected when the report was generated, then the calculation would have been (15 + 25) / 2 = 20 minutes.

Avg Turn

For jobs that were in the status shown in the Status column when the employees started them, the average time taken to both respond to and complete bed cleaning job requests. Depending on whether Yes or No was selected for the Omit Suspended Times and the Omit Delay Times option, the amount of time that a job was in Suspended or Delayed status will be either included or excluded from the calculations. "Delayed" means that an employee has selected an option on the IVR to indicate that the bed cleaning has been delayed. A bed cleaning might be delayed when there is some non-emergency reason that the bed cannot be cleaned immediately (for example, the patient has been discharged but is still in the room). "Suspended" means that the bed cleaner started the job, but then put it on hold temporarily before it was completed to work on a higher-priority job. Calculation (if Based on Original Request was selected): Sum of elapsed time from job creation to job completion / Total number of beds that the employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit) and that were in this status when the bed cleaning request was created. (Time that the bed cleaning job spent in Delayed or Suspended status might or might not be included, depending on selections made when the report was generated.) Calculation (if based on original request was NOT selected): Sum of elapsed time from beginning of LAST unclean status to job completion / Total number of beds that employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data was grouped by and that were LAST in this status. (Time that the bed cleaning job spent in Delayed or Suspended status might or might not be included, depending on selections made when the report was generated.) Example: Report data was grouped by bed cleaner. Based on Original Request was NOT selected when the report was generated. No was selected for both Omit Suspended Time and Omit Delayed Time. Employees received credit for cleaning 2 beds that were last in the user-defined, custom status called Special. The beds were previously in Dirty status. The bed entered special status at 3:00 PM and an employee completed the bed cleaning job at 3:15 PM. The second bed entered Special status at 4:15 PM and the employee completed the job at 4:40 PM. The calculation used to determine the average turn time is 15 + 25 / 2=20 minutes. If Based on Original Request had been selected when the report was generated, then the calculation would have been based on the when the bed cleaning job request was submitted rather than when the bed entered Special status.

This column . . .

Displays for the selected date range. . .

Status

The last unclean status that a bed was in when an upgraded or downgraded bed cleaning job request entered the In Progress or Delayed status. Your organization might have specific names for custom statuses (such as Special). These statuses are campus-specific. Each campus could have different customized names for them. The custom name appears on the report. Example: If Dirty appears in the Status column, then Dirty is the last status that a bed was in before the bed cleaning job entered the In Progress or Delayed status. The bed was downgraded to Dirty at some point from the status that it had when the bed cleaning request was created (for example, from Clean Next).

Count

The number of upgraded or downgraded cleaning requests that were placed when beds were in the status shown in the Status column. The count includes only jobs for EVS Services beds. If the report data is grouped by bed cleaner, only cleaning jobs that employees received credit for completing are included in the count. Example: Report data is grouped by bed cleaner. If 9 appears for the Dirty status, then employees received credit for 9 cleaning jobs for beds whose last status was Dirty (but which had at least one status upgrade from Clean Next or Stat). If 10 Dirty beds were actually cleaned, but one employee placed one of those Dirty beds in Suspended status and another employee completed the job, then neither employee received credit for the 10th bed. It is not included in the count. If the report data had been grouped by unit, the 10th bed would have been included in the count.

Delayed

The number of delays in upgraded or downgraded bed cleaning jobs for beds that had been in the status shown in the Status column when the employee started the job. If report data is grouped by bed cleaner, only bed cleaning jobs that the employees received credit for are included. Example: Report data is grouped by bed cleaner. If employees received credit for cleaning 9 Dirty beds and there were a total of 3 delays for these 9 upgraded or downgraded bed cleaning jobs (for example, one of the 9 bed cleaning jobs was delayed once and another was delayed twice), then 3 appears in the Delayed column for the Dirty status.

Avg Delay

The average duration of delays for upgraded or downgraded bed cleaning jobs that had been in the status shown in the Status column when the employee started the job. Calculation: Total delay time for all beds that the employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit) and that were previously in this status / Total number of delayed jobs that employees received credit for cleaning (if report data was grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data was grouped by unit) and that were previously in this status. Example: Report data is grouped by bed cleaner. If employees received credit for cleaning 9 beds that were previously in the Dirty status, and there were 3 delays of 10 minutes each (30 minutes of delays) for these 9 bed cleaning jobs, then the calculation used to determine the Average Delay for the Dirty status would be 30 / 3 = 10 minutes.

Suspended

The number of bed cleaning job suspensions for beds that had been in the status shown in the Status column when the employee started the job. If report data is grouped by bed cleaner, only beds that employees received credit for cleaning are included. Only upgraded or downgraded bed cleaning jobs are included. Example: Report data was grouped by bed cleaner. If employees received credit for cleaning 12 Clean Next beds and placed 2 of those beds into a Suspended status, then 2 appears in the Suspended column for the Clean Next status. If one bed had 2 suspensions and another had 1, then 3 appears in the Suspended column. Note: For a description of the Suspended status, see Bed Status Definitions.

Avg Suspend

The average duration of suspensions for beds that had been in the status shown in the Status column when the employee started the job. Calculation: Total suspension time for all beds that employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit) and that were previously in this status / Total number of suspended beds that employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by user) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit) and that were previously in this status. Example: Report data is grouped by bed cleaner. If employees received credit for cleaning 12 beds that were previously in the Clean Next status, and there were 2 suspensions of 10 minutes each (20 minutes of suspensions) for these 12 bed cleaning jobs, then the calculation used to determine the Average Suspend for the Clean Next status would be 20 / 2 = 10 minutes.

Avg Original Response

This column appears only in the Average Response Time for Up/Downgraded Job Requests section. For jobs that were in the status shown in the Status column when the employee started them, the average amount of time that elapsed from the time that the job was created to the first time that an employee changed the bed's status to In Progress or Delayed. Calculation: Sum of elapsed time between when the job was created and when it was placed into In Progress or Delayed status for the first time for all beds that the employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit) and that were previously in this status / Total number of beds that the employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit). Example: Report data is grouped by bed cleaner. Employees received credit for cleaning 3 beds that were previously in the Stat status and had been upgraded from Dirty status. They put 2 of those bed cleaning jobs into the In Progress status 10 minutes after the cleaning request was submitted. Because the patient was still in the room when one employee arrived to clean the third bed, that employee put the third bed into Delayed status 5 minutes after the cleaning request was submitted. The third bed was put into the In Progress status, but then delayed again for 5 more minutes. The calculation used to determine the original average response time was 10 + 10 + 5 / 3 = 08.33 minutes. (The second time that one of the bed cleaning jobs was delayed and then put into the In Progress status is not included in the calculation.)

Avg Status Response

Average elapsed time from the time the bed was placed in the last unclean status until the bed cleaning job entered the In Progress or Delayed status for the first time. Calculation: Sum of elapsed time from the bed's last unclean status to when the job was placed in the In Progress or Delayed status for the first time for all beds that the employees received credit for cleaning (if the report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if the report data is grouped by unit) and that were previously in this status / Total number of beds that the employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit). Example: Report data is grouped by bed cleaner. Employees received credit for cleaning 3 beds that were previously in the Clean Next status and had been upgraded from Dirty status. They put 2 of those bed cleaning jobs into the In Progress status 10 minutes after the Dirty status began. Because the patient was still in the room when one employee arrived to clean the third bed, that employee put the third bed into Delayed status 5 minutes after the Dirty status began. The third bed was put into the In Progress status, but then delayed again for 5 more minutes. The calculation used to determine the original average response time was 10 + 10 + 5 / 3 = 08.33 minutes. (The second time that one of the bed cleaning jobs was delayed and then put into the In Progress status is not included in the calculation.)

Avg Clean

For upgraded or downgraded jobs that were in the status shown in the Status column when the employee started them, the average time from the start of In Progress status to Complete (Clean) status minus any time that beds were suspended. Calculation: Sum of elapsed time from In Progress to Complete status / Total number of beds that the employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if report data is grouped by unit) and that were previously in this status. Note: If the Omit Suspended Time option was selected, then suspensions are not included in the calculation. If the Omit Delay Time option was selected when the report was generated, then delay times are not included in the calculation. Example: Report data is grouped by bed cleaner. Employees received credit for completing 2 upgraded or downgraded jobs for beds that had previously been in the user-defined, custom status called Contagious. When the report was generated, Yes was selected for Omit Suspended Time. The first bed entered the In Progress status at 11:00 AM and into Completed (Clean) status at 11:15 AM. The second bed entered the In Progress status at 2:00 PM, was suspended at 2:05 PM, was put into In Progress status again at 2:15 PM, and was completed (marked as clean) at 2:25 PM. The total suspension time was 10 minutes. The calculation used to determine average clean time is (15 + 25) - 10 suspension minutes/ 2 = 15 minutes. If No has been selected for Omit Suspended Time when the report was generated, then the calculation would have been (15 + 25) / 2 = 20 minutes.

Avg Turn

For upgraded or downgraded jobs that were in the status shown in the Status column when the employees started them, the average time taken to both respond to and complete bed cleaning job requests. Calculation (if Based on Original Request was selected): Sum of elapsed time from job creation to job completion / Total number of beds that the employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if the report data is grouped by unit) and that were previously in this status. Calculation (if based on original request was NOT selected): Sum of elapsed time from beginning of LAST unclean status to job completion / Total number of beds that employees received credit for cleaning (if report data is grouped by bed cleaner) or that were completed (if the report data is grouped by unit) and that were previously in this status. Depending on whether Yes or No was selected for the Omit Suspended Times and the Omit Delay Times option, the amount of time that a job was in Suspended or Delayed status will be either included or excluded from the calculations. "Delayed" means that an employee has selected an option on the IVR to indicate that the bed cleaning has been delayed. A bed cleaning might be delayed when there is some non-emergency reason that the bed cannot be cleaned immediately (for example, the patient has been discharged but is still in the room). "Suspended" means that the bed cleaner started the job, but then put it on hold temporarily before it was completed to work on a higher-priority job. Example: Report data is grouped by bed cleaner. Based on Original Request was NOT selected when the report was generated. No was selected for Omit Suspended Times and Omit Delay Times. Employees received credit for cleaning 2 beds that were last in the user-defined, custom status called Special (UDEF-9). The beds were previously in Dirty status. The bed entered Special status at 3:00 PM and an employee completed the bed cleaning job at 3:15 PM. The second bed entered Special status at 4:15 PM and the employee completed the job at 4:40 PM. The calculation used to determine the average turn time is 15 + 25 / 2=20 minutes. If Based on Original Request had been selected when the report was generated, then the calculation would have been based on the when the bed cleaning job request was submitted rather than when the bed entered Special status.

This column . . .

Displays for the selected date range. . .

Unit (appears only if data is grouped by unit)

Abbreviation of the unit associated with the bed.

Bed Cleaner (appears only if data is grouped by bed cleaner)

Name of bed cleaner.

Bed

IVR ID of the bed associated with the job.

Status

If the Base on Original Request option was selected when the report was generated, then this column displays the original unclean status associated with the bed when the bed cleaning job entered the In Progress status. If the Base on Original Request option was NOT selected, then this column displays the last unclean status (such as Dirty or Stat) associated with a bed before the bed cleaning job entered the In Progress status. Example: If Stat appears and Based on Original Request was NOT selected, then the bed's status was Stat at the time that the employee placed the job into the In Progress status and began to clean the bed. If Based on Original Request was selected, then the bed's original unclean status was Stat (but it might have been downgraded to another status before the bed cleaning job entered the In Progress status).

Delayed

Number of times that a job was delayed from the time that it was created to the time that it was completed.

Delay Time

Total time that the job was in Delayed status from the time that the bed request was created until the time that it was completed.

Suspended

The number of times that a bed cleaning job was suspended from the time that the bed cleaning request was created until the time that the job was completed. For a definition of Suspended status, see Bed Status Definitions.

Suspend Time

Total time that the bed cleaning job was in Suspended status from the time that the bed cleaning request was created until the time that the job was completed.

Original Response

Elapsed time from when the bed cleaning request was created until an employee first changed the status to In Progress or Delayed.

Status Response

Elapsed time from when the bed entered its last unclean status (for example, Clean Next) to the first time that the bed cleaning job entered the In Progress or the Delayed status.

Clean Time

Total time that the bed cleaning job was in the In Progress status. If Yes was selected for the Omit Suspend Times option on the Report Criteria page, then the time that the bed was in Suspended status is not included in Clean Time.

Turn Time

If the Based on Original Request option was selected on the Report Criteria page, then turn time is the elapsed time from when the bed cleaning job request was created to when the bed cleaning job was completed. If Based on Original Request was NOT selected on the Report Criteria page, then turn time is the elapsed time from when the bed entered its LAST unclean status to when the job was completed. If Yes was selected for the Omit Suspend Times option on the Report Criteria page, then time that the bed was in Suspended status is not included in turn time. If Yes was selected for the Omit Delay Times option on the Report Criteria page, then time that the bed was in Delayed status is not included in turn time.

Up/Downgrade

Y means the job was upgraded or downgraded before it entered the In Progress status or the Delayed status. N indicates that it was not upgraded or downgraded. An example of upgrading is changing a job's status from Dirty to CleanNext or from CleanNext to Stat. An example of downgrading is changing a job's status from Stat to CleanNext or from CleanNext to Dirty.

Adjusted Minimum

Y indicates that the job's clean time is less than the Adjusted Minimum Clean time that was entered when the report was generated. N indicates that it is not.

Adjusted Maximum

Y indicates that the job's clean time is greater than the Adjusted Maximum Clean time that was entered when the report was generated. N indicates that it is not.

Adjusted Maximum Response

Y indicates that the job's original response time is greater than the Adjusted Maximum Response time that was entered when the report was generated. N indicates that it is not.

Credit (appears only if the data is grouped by bed cleaner)

Y indicates that the bed cleaner shown in the Bed Cleaner column for this row was given credit for the job. N indicates that the bed cleaner shown in the Bed Cleaner column did NOT receive credit. If N appears, then the names of other bed cleaners who were associated with the job appear in the Credit column.

Bed Cleaners (appears only if the data is grouped by bed cleaner)

If the Credit column displays an N, meaning that the employee listed in the Bed Cleaner column did not receive credit for the job, then the names of all other bed cleaners who were associated with the job appear. This does not mean that the bed cleaners listed were given credit for the job. For some jobs, no one receives credit. If the bed cleaner listed in the Bed Cleaner column received credit for the job, then this column is blank.